The humerus is the longest and largest bone of the upper limb. The humeral upper extremity consists of a rounded head, a narrow neck, and two short processes tubercles, sometimes called tuberosities. Join a live hosted trivia game for your favorite pub trivia experience done virtually. It attaches proximally via the head of the humerus to the scapula and articulates distally at the elbow joint with the ulna and the radius. Approximately onethird of humeral fractures occur in this region. Both ends grow, but generally one end will grow faster than the other. Journal of orthopaedic trauma volume 32, number 1 supplement, january 2018. Your childs humerus is fractured broken near the elbow area, just above the joint.
International meeting on simulation in healthcare 2020 imsh january 18 22 sawbones will be at imsh 2020 in san diego, ca booth 1037 the international meeting on. This long bone that sits within the arm of the upper limb. S117 ao pediatric comprehensive classification of long bone fractures pccf. Working around a spiraling radial nerve at the posterior midshaft requires either a transmuscular dissection or a tricepsavoiding paramuscular technique. A 58yearold female slipped and fell and sustained a closed rightsided displaced humerus fracture with a medial butterfly fragment. About a third of the way to the elbow, the humerus swells into a small process known as the deltoid tuberosity, which supports the insertion point of the deltoid muscle. Most of the rounded head of the upper end of the humerus. He is renowned for his ability to handle the most difficult of trauma cases and has dedicated his life, not only to his patients, but also to teaching the surgeons of the future. Shoulder pain and common shoulder problems orthoinfo aaos. The fracture can be caused by a direct blow to the upper arm or occur when the humeral head strikes the glenoid or the acromion 35. It articulates proximally with the glenoid via the glenohumeral gh joint, and distally with the radius and ulna at the elbow joint. They cover the head of your upper arm bone and attach it to your shoulder blade.
At the shoulder, the humerus connects to the frame of the body via the glenoid fossa of the scapula. No matter what youre looking for or where you are in the world, our global marketplace of sellers can help you find unique and affordable options. The acromioclavicular joint is where the acromion, part of the shoulder blade scapula and the collar bone clavicle meet. Cats lack the supratrochlear foramen, but they have a supracondylar foramen proximal to the medial epicondyle. The glenohumeral joint is where the ball humeral head and the socket the glenoid meet. At its proximal end, the humerus forms a smooth, spherical.
Nov 05, 2014 uvm medical center blog blog orthopedics 101. We sought to reexplore the anatomy of the lateral arm to determine its utility as a donor site for vascularized bone. The humerus is most frequently fractured as the result of a fall or motor vehicle crash. This video describes the bony markings of the humerus. Understanding growth plate anatomy and physiology enables practic.
Biomechanics, glenohumeral joint, humerus, shoulder arthroplasty, bone remodelling, finite element method. The surgical neck of the humerus on the other hand is a constriction of the humerus located inferior to the greater and lesser tubercles. The humerus articulates with the scapula proximally at the glenohumeral joint so it participates in the movements of the shoulder. It is located between the elbow joint and the shoulder. Growth of bone long bones grow from the epiphyseal plate growth plate at each end. Humerus fracture upper arm fracture johns hopkins medicine. The most common mechanism of injury for a proximal humerus fracture is a fall on an outstretched arm in an elderly patient with osteoporotic bone. The equine humerus is a relatively short, compact bone with a. The humerus begins proximally as a rounded head and joins the greater and lesser tubercles via the anatomical neck of the humerus. Schaefer ms, dvm, in brinker, piermattei and flos handbook of small animal orthopedics and fracture repair fifth edition, 2016. Fractures of the humerus are classified in one of two ways. The humerus bone is one of the major bones in the upper arm that provides structure and function for an individual. When an excessive axial compressive force is transmitted through the lateral condyle, often due to a highenergy valgus deformation of the elbow, with a rotational component, a fracture line can separate the capitellum from the trochlea and the posterolateral portion of the lateral pillar breaks. Sawbones creates the worlds best medical training display and simulation models.
Robert lewis maynard, noel downes, in anatomy and histology of the laboratory rat in toxicology and biomedical research, 2019. The humerus in cats is straighter and more slender than in dogs. It is the longest and also strongest bone of the upper limb. The first peak refers to males aged 1219 years and usually occurs after highenergy trauma, whereas the second peak occurs in elderly women, with osteoporotic bone, as a result of lowenergy trauma and falls. The region articulates forming part of the shoulder joint. Many muscles which manipulate the arm, at the forearm, at the elbow and the shoulder are anchored to the humerus bone. Movement of the humerus is essential to all of the varied activities of the arm, such as throwing, lifting, and writing. The humerus narrows below the tubercles again in a region known as the surgical neck before extending toward elbow joint as the body of the humerus. A combination of muscles and tendons keeps your arm bone centered in your shoulder socket. Anatomy and classification of proximal humerus fractures.
He is fellowship trained in sports medicine, shoulder surgery and orthopedic trauma. At the elbow, it connects primarily to the ulna, as the forearms radial bone connects to the. The shoulder joint is essentially a ball and socket joint. Pdf the humerus is the largest bone of the upper extremity and defines the human brachium arm. Understanding anatomy is the key to successful treatment and prevention of musculoskeletal. Suspect pathological fracture if any of the following features are present. The proximal humerus is the ball shaped portion of the humerus, or the top part of the arm bone. It articulates proximally with the glenoid fossa of the scapula and distally with the radius and ulna. The anatomy of the shoulder the shoulder a complex joint the basics. Apr 24, 2016 can you identify the anatomy of the humerus. Aoota classification pdf ao surgery reference ao foundation. We collaborate with our customers to invent, design and manufacture bone and softtissue models that help doctors learn and improve their skills and help medical device makers showcase the unique advantages of their products.
Musadiq khan durrani 1 musadiq khan durrani ucmd university of lahore 2. Learn all about nathan endres, md, is an orthopedic surgeon at and assistant professor at the uvm medical center. The ulnar nerve runs initially in the anterior compartment of the arm and goes posteriorly through the medial intermuscular septum at an average distance of about 68 cm proximal to the medial epicondyle with a range of between 5 and 11 cm. Pdf on oct 1, 2017, prasad nc and others published a study on segments of humerus and its clinical importance find, read and cite. Nabil ebraheim has been a practicing orthopaedic surgeon for approximately 35 years and has trained around the globe with leaders in orthopaedic trauma. The humerus is referred to as the bone of the arm and sometimes commonly referred to as the funny bone. The humerus is described as having a proximal region, shaft, and distal region. From orthopaedics to veterinary, from biomechanical testing materials to digital. Mar 02, 2017 a proximal humerus fracture occurs when the ball of the ball and socket joint in the shoulder is broken, meaning the break is actually located at the top of the humerusor arm bone. The humerus is the largest bone of the upper extremity and defines the human brachium arm. Knowledge of local anatomy is paramount in the evaluation and treatment of these injuries.
Elbow anatomy midwest bone and joint institute, orthopedic. A proximal humerus fracture occurs when the ball of the ball and socket joint in the shoulder is broken, meaning the break is actually located at the top of the humerusor arm bone. The neurovascular and muscular anatomy about the humerus precludes the use of a truly safe fully extensile approach. Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, humerus statpearls ncbi. Sep 19, 2014 the humerus is a relatively common site of pathological fracture. Distal humerus fractures of the elbow orthoinfo aaos. Anatomical and surgical neck both of the humerus are highly susceptible to fracture. Explore and learn about the humerus with our 3d interactive anatomy atlas. Important anatomic differences between the humerus in dogs and cats exist, mainly affecting the distal part of the bone. The shoulder is made up of two joints, the acromioclavicular joint and the glenohumeral joint. Many powerful muscles that manipulate the upper arm at the shoulder and the forearm at the elbow are anchored to the humerus. Introduction fractures of the adult distal humerus compromise 2% of all fractures. The humerus hu mer us bone is the long, thick bone in the upper arm that extends from the shoulder to the elbow.
The proximal humerus is important because it forms half of the shoulder joint. The intercondylar fracture pattern is the most common type. Pdf anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, humerus researchgate. Bone, cartilage and joints, with an extensor surface that faces posteriorly, and a flexor surface that faces anteriorly. Twelve fresh, siliconeinjected cadaver dissections were performed.
The anatomy of the ulnar nerve is extremely variable in its course in the distal part of the humerus. Syndesmosis bones held together by strong ligaments that allow. A humerus fracture is a break of the humerus bone in the upper. Etsy is the home to thousands of handmade, vintage, and oneofakind products and gifts related to your search. Pdf a study on segments of humerus and its clinical importance. She was taken to an outside hospital and placed in a splint for initial management. This is called a supracondylar supra con dy ler humerus fracture. Humeral fractures comprise 34% of forelimb fractures and 10% of all fractures in the dog. Supracondylar humerus fracture nationwide childrens. Proximal humerus fractures explanation of diagnosis andor procedures shoulder anatomy the humerus is the long bone that connects the shoulder to the elbow.
Abstract in this work computational models are developed to analyze bone remodeling of the humerus after a shoulder arthroplasty using either a cemented or pressfit stem. At the elbow, it connects primarily to the ulna, as. Some specifics of structure include the formation of the joints and the support. The animations in this video were made using visible body muscle premium 2. The posterior aspect of the distal portion of the lateral supracondylar ridge is strong and bulky. So here we can see both an anterior and posterior view on the slide. The humerus articulates proximal region by the scapula at the shoulder joint and radius and distal region with ulna at the elbow joint. Sawbones best anatomical medical training models for.
Intraoperative fluoroscopic ap and lateral images reveal adequate reduction and alignment left images and radiographs at 6 months reveal a healed humerus fracture in excellent alignment with maintenance of reduction and fixation right images. Jan 30, 2015 the humerus is the long bone in the upper arm. The humerus anatomy of the humerus anatomymedicine. Montavon, in feline orthopedic surgery and musculoskeletal disease, 2009. Sawbones is the leader in medical training models for orthopedic and medical education. International journal of orthopaedics sciences 2017. Complications of open reduction and internal fixation of. Like the femur, the treatment of humerus fractures depends upon the fracture location and pattern. Humerus bones and surface anatomy of upper limb lecturio.
Distal humerus fractures in adults have an estimated annual incidence of 5. It moves in the socket of the shoulder joint called the glenoid. Limb swelling predating fracture, or marked postfracture swelling. Proximal humeral articular fractures involving the anatomical. May 12, 2020 the humerus is the longest and largest bone of the upper limb. The hss orthopedic trauma service has conducted many studies. Clavicle collarbone scapula shoulder blade humerus upper arm bone most ball and socket joints are constructed of a large socket into which the ball fits nicely which is a very stable structure. The elbow itself is essentially a hinge joint, meaning it bends and straightens like a hinge. The shoulder joint is a ballandsocket joint composed of three bones. The upper part of the humerus forms part of the shoulder joint and the lower part of the bone helps form part of the elbow joint. A proximal humerus fracture is a break in the arm bone near the shoulder, or a. The most proximal portion of the humerus is the head of the humerus. It connects the scapula and the two bones of the lower arm, the radius and ulna, and consists of three sections.
Appointments no pt for 3 weeks, unless otherwise specified by md rehabilitation goals modalities to control pain and swelling protect fracture site maintain rom in surrounding joints prevent deconditioning. Arteriovenous anatomy, pedicle length and diameter, and anatomic variability as well as photo documentation was recorded. Depending on the location and severity of the fracture, some bones may heal without surgery. Upper extremity fractures generally occur with a fall onto an outstretched arm. Apr 05, 20 this video describes the bony markings of the humerus. Information regarding humeral head vascularity, fracture patterns, bone quality, and overall geometry have direct implications for nonoperative treatment, internal fixation, and hemiarthroplasty. May 22, 2017 the anatomy of the ulnar nerve is extremely variable in its course in the distal part of the humerus. The head of your upper arm bone fits into a rounded socket in your shoulder blade. Surgical neck of humerus musculoskeletal, skeletal. Play sporcle s virtual live trivia to have fun, connect with people, and get your trivia on. A ct scan was also performed at the outside hospital. It is a clinically important anatomical feature of the humerus as it is the most frequently fractured site of the proximal humerus, putting the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral branch of the. Physiology, anatomy, and trauma p athologic conditions affecting epi physeal growth plates in imma ture animals may result in severe orthopedic problems such as limb short ening, angular limb deformity, or joint incongruity.
The humerus is the both the largest bone in the arm and the only bone in the upper arm. Humerus, long bone of the upper limb or forelimb of land vertebrates that forms the shoulder joint above, where it articulates with a lateral depression of the shoulder blade glenoid cavity of scapula, and the elbow joint below, where it articulates with projections of the ulna and the radius. A distal humerus fracture is a break in the lower end of the upper arm bone humerus, one of the three bones that come together to form the elbow joint. Note medial and lateral columns, connected by trochlea, thus forming triangle of distal humerus. Rehabilitation guidelines for proximal humerus fracture non operative 2 p a g e phase ii continued precautions dc sling x 3 weeks if cleared by md aarom to 90 degrees forward flexion and 40 degrees er suggested therapeutic exercises arom cervical, elbow, wrist and hand pendelums gripping exercises scapular pnf. Surgical exposures of the humerus the neurovascular and muscular anatomy about the humerus precludes the use of a truly safe fully extensile approach. Also note location of sulcus for ulnar nerve in relation to placement of medial plate, as well as location of radial nerve sulcus in relation to proximal placement of plates.
Reexploring the anatomy of the distal humerus for its role. The humerus also known as the upper arm bone is a long bone that runs from the shoulder and scapula shoulder blade to the elbow. A proximal humerus fracture usually occurs close to the shoulder joint and can be located at. The distal extent of the deltoid, lateral intermuscular septum. Fragility fractures of the proximal humerus commonly occur at the metaphysis, or surgical neck, of the humerus and are impacted and minimally displaced. It articulates proximally with the glenoid via the. Bone is modelled as a porous material, characterized by.
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